Last month, the United States joined Saudi Arabia and other nations in delaying new global shipping emissions rules, citing cost concerns. Despite this setback, momentum toward decarbonization continues as the industry advances alternative fuels and efficiency technologies.
Earlier this year, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) approved the Net-Zero Framework in principle, marking the first time a global fuel standard and carbon pricing mechanism has been incorporated into MARPOL. The framework introduces fuel benchmarks, dual-tier carbon levies, and tradeable emissions credits for large vessels.
The rules apply to ships over 5,000 gross tonnage, which account for roughly 85% of shipping emissions worldwide. Once implemented, they would represent the first mandatory emissions standard imposed across an entire global industry.
Formal adoption was delayed until at least October 2026, pushing the expected entry into force beyond 2027. While the delay is a setback, IMO working groups continue refining implementation guidelines to keep the 2050 net-zero goal within reach.
Meanwhile, the shipping sector is actively pursuing decarbonization through alternative fuels, wind-assisted propulsion, and energy-saving technologies. Developments such as rigid sails, rotor sails, solar-assisted vessels, and efficiency-focused retrofits are already delivering measurable fuel and emissions reductions.
Longer term, declining fossil fuel transport demand and the growth of renewable energy and e-fuels are expected to further reduce shipping emissions. Even emerging concepts like nuclear-powered commercial vessels are gaining attention as the industry explores all viable pathways toward net zero.
